Unapređenje bezbednosti saobraćaja na putevima gradova i opština prema novom zakonu o bezbednosti saobraćaja

The new Road Traffic Safety Law brings significant novelties regarding possibilities for traffic safety improvement, on the State level or the levels of local communities', municipalities and cities. Money collected from traffic fines has been directed toward municipalities and cities, dedicated exclusively to traffic safety improvement, but only in accordance with the separate Programme, brought forth at the proposal of a local traffic safety improvement body. Besides, on the local community level, there is an obligation prescribed to adopt traffic safety strategy and annual plans, to monitor traffic safety, finance measures and activities, and there are also some duties regarding organizing and performing traffic control and signals, specials measures and commissions and organization of traffic safety system on the local community level. This paper presents the most significant novelties for the local communities' authorities, stemming from the Road Traffic Safety Law, and brings up measures and activities which should be implemented by cities and municipalities, as soon as possible, in order to seize new possibilities offered in area of traffic safety in their local community.Novi Zakon o bezbednosti saobraćaja na putevima (ZoBS) donosi značajne novine u domenu mogućnosti za unapređenje bezbednosti saobraćaja, kako na nivou države, tako i na nivou jedinica lokalne samouprave, opština i gradova. Opštinama i gradovima su opredeljena novčana sredstva naplaćena od kazni u saobraćaju, koja su namenjena isključivo za unapređenje bezbednosti saobraćaja, i predodređena obaveza da se ona mogu koristiti samo po posebnom programu, koji se donosi na predlog lokalnog tela za koordinaciju poslova unapređenja bezbednosti saobraćaja. Pored toga, na lokalnom nivou je propisana i obaveza donošenja strategija bezbednosti saobraćaja, godišnjih planova bezbednosti saobraćaja, praćenja stanja bezbednosti saobraćaja, finansiranja mera i aktivnosti na lokalnom nivou, kao i konkretni poslovi organizacije i sprovođenja sportskih i drugih priredbi na putu, tehničkog regulisanja saobraćaja i saobraćajne signalizacije, posebne mere i ovlašćenja i organizacija poslova bezbednosti saobraćaja u jedinici lokalne samouprave itd. Ovaj rad prikazuje najznačajnije novine u Zakonu o bezbednosti saobraćaja na putevima za jedinice lokalne samouprave, i izdvaja mere i aktivnosti koje bi gradovi i opštine trebalo što pre da primene kako bi iskoristile ponuđene mogućnosti za unapređenje bezbednosti saobraćaja na putevima u svojoj sredini

Unapređenje bezbednosti saobraćaja na putevima gradova i opština prema novom zakonu o bezbednosti saobraćaja

The new Road Traffic Safety Law brings significant novelties regarding possibilities for traffic safety improvement, on the State level or the levels of local communities', municipalities and cities. Money collected from traffic fines has been directed toward municipalities and cities, dedicated exclusively to traffic safety improvement, but only in accordance with the separate Programme, brought forth at the proposal of a local traffic safety improvement body. Besides, on the local community level, there is an obligation prescribed to adopt traffic safety strategy and annual plans, to monitor traffic safety, finance measures and activities, and there are also some duties regarding organizing and performing traffic control and signals, specials measures and commissions and organization of traffic safety system on the local community level. This paper presents the most significant novelties for the local communities' authorities, stemming from the Road Traffic Safety Law, and brings up measures and activities which should be implemented by cities and municipalities, as soon as possible, in order to seize new possibilities offered in area of traffic safety in their local community.Novi Zakon o bezbednosti saobraćaja na putevima (ZoBS) donosi značajne novine u domenu mogućnosti za unapređenje bezbednosti saobraćaja, kako na nivou države, tako i na nivou jedinica lokalne samouprave, opština i gradova. Opštinama i gradovima su opredeljena novčana sredstva naplaćena od kazni u saobraćaju, koja su namenjena isključivo za unapređenje bezbednosti saobraćaja, i predodređena obaveza da se ona mogu koristiti samo po posebnom programu, koji se donosi na predlog lokalnog tela za koordinaciju poslova unapređenja bezbednosti saobraćaja. Pored toga, na lokalnom nivou je propisana i obaveza donošenja strategija bezbednosti saobraćaja, godišnjih planova bezbednosti saobraćaja, praćenja stanja bezbednosti saobraćaja, finansiranja mera i aktivnosti na lokalnom nivou, kao i konkretni poslovi organizacije i sprovođenja sportskih i drugih priredbi na putu, tehničkog regulisanja saobraćaja i saobraćajne signalizacije, posebne mere i ovlašćenja i organizacija poslova bezbednosti saobraćaja u jedinici lokalne samouprave itd. Ovaj rad prikazuje najznačajnije novine u Zakonu o bezbednosti saobraćaja na putevima za jedinice lokalne samouprave, i izdvaja mere i aktivnosti koje bi gradovi i opštine trebalo što pre da primene kako bi iskoristile ponuđene mogućnosti za unapređenje bezbednosti saobraćaja na putevima u svojoj sredini

Evaluation of a Frame-based Programming Editor

Frame-based editing is a novel way to edit programs, which claims to combine the benefits of textual and block-based programming. It combines structured ‘frames’ of preformatted code, designed to reduce the burden of syntax, with ‘slots’ that allow for efficient textual entry of expressions. We present an empirical evaluation of Stride, a frame-based language used in the Greenfoot IDE. We compare two groups of middle school students who worked on a short programming activity in Greenfoot, one using the original Java editor, and one using the Stride editor. We found that the two groups reported similarly low levels of frustration and high levels of satisfaction, but students using Stride progressed through the activity more quickly and completed more objectives. The Stride group also spent significantly less time making purely syntactic edits to their code and significantly less time with non-compilable code

Vreme odziva kao organizaciona performansa službe za zaštitu i spasavanje

The paper proceeds from the fact that the performance of individuals and organizational units (organizations) affect their efficiency. Regarding the protection and rescue units, their key organizational performance is the response time, understood as the duration of time from the moment of receiving the fire warning until the firefighting and rescue team arrives at the place of engagement. The paper analyzes the impact of the response time of the firefighting and rescue unit on the duration of firefighting. For the analysis, operational data on fires for the area of the City of Belgrade (Serbia) were used, over a 24-year period (1986-2009). Data were processed using linear regression (Pearson Correlation) and its nonparametric alternative - Spearman's rank order correlation. It is concluded that the response time of the firefighting and rescue unit to arrive to the place of fire (organizational performance) affects the duration of firefighting, so that the shorter the response time, the shorter time it takes to extinguish the fire, with less damage caused and more goods rescued (organizational efficiency), and vice versa, the longer the response time - the longer the time of firefighting, with greater damage caused and less goods rescued.Polazište ovog rada jeste činjenica da performanse pojedinaca i organizacionih jedinica (organizacija) utiču na njihov učinak. Kada je reč o subjektima zaštite i spasavanja, njihovu ključnu organizacionu performansu predstavlja vreme odziva, shvaćeno kao trajanje od trenutka dolaska informacije o požaru do trenutka stizanja vatrogasno-spasilačke ekipe na mesto angažovanja. Preciznije, u radu se analizira uticaj vremena odziva vatrogasno-spasilačke jedinice na trajanje gašenja požara. Za analizu su korišćeni operativni podaci o požarima za područje grada Beograda, u periodu od 24 godine (1986-2009). Podaci su obrađeni primenom linearne regresije (Pearson Correlation) i njenom neparametarskom alternativom - Spirmanovim testom korelacije rangova (Spearman's rank order correlation). Zaključeno je da vreme odziva vatrogasno-spasilačke jedinice na mesto požara (organizaciona performansa) utiče na trajanje njegovog gašenja, tako da, što je ono kraće - kraće je vreme gašenja požara, šteta je manja i ima više spasenih dobara (organizacioni učinak). Obrnuto, ako je vreme odziva vatrogasno-spasilačke jedinice duže - duže je i vreme gašenja požara, uz veće štete i manje spasenih dobara

Roadside public survey approach in black spot identification on rural roads: case study

This paper examines the possibility of applying the Subjective Black Spot Identification Method on state roads. A survey was conducted using interviews about 659 drivers’ attitudes on the existence of Black Spots, on nine sections of state roads in the Republic of Serbia. A total of 124 locations were obtained which drivers believed were Perceived Dangerous Locations (PDLs). A set of hypotheses was defined in order to examine whether a particular PDL is a Black Spot and the test was carried out using the Bayesian Multiple Testing (BMT). Since an actual Black Spot has not been recognized as a PDL in the survey, which consequently is not subject to the BMT, new concept that includes: frequency of mishits in identifying real ‘Black Spots’ (RPM) and real ‘non Black Spots’ (RNM) and frequency of hits in identifying real ‘Black Spots’ (RPH) and real ‘non Black Spots’ (RNH) have been therefore introduced, enabling the inclusion of this outcome in the BMT. Optimisation methods have been proposed for the optimum threshold t selection with the minimization of the frequency of mishits (RPM and RNM) and maximization of the frequency of hits (RPH and RNH). Two operatively usable solutions have been offered here: if the consumption of resources and the effectiveness of spending of funds for identification are primarily low, then the best result is obtained using the optimisation with the minimization of the sum of mishits frequency. Then t = 24.7% (threshold of votes for selecting PDLs as Black Spots), and the ratio of correctly and wrongly selected Black Spots is 1:1.16. On the other hand, if the goal is to detect as many real Black Spots, regardless of the reduction in the effectiveness of spending of funds, then the optimisation with the equalizing of the frequencies of mishits gives the best results. In that case, t = 7.7%, and the ratio of correctly and wrongly selected Black Spots is 1:7.15

Bezbednost saobraćaja na postojećoj mreži duž koridora neizgrađenih autoputeva

The paper is revealing the analysis of traffic safety on the part of main road network within the period under study. Traffic accidents structure as per different features has been presented, while the trends of safety level changes have been identified. Level of safety for each road section has been defined through specific indicators. An outline of the system 'driver - vehicle - road - environment' in the function of traffic safety is also presented in the paper.U radu je data analiza bezbednosti saobraćaja na delu mreže magistralnih puteva za posmatrani period vremena. Prikazana je struktura saobraćajnih nezgoda po različitim obeležjima i utvrđene su tendencije promene nivoa bezbednosti saobraćaja. Preko specifičnih pokazatelja definisan je nivo bezbednosti saobraćaja za svaku putnu deonicu. Dat je prikaz sistema 'vozač - vozilo - put - okolina' u funkciji bezbednosti saobraćaja

Enhancing Capacity for Short-Term Climate Change Adaptations in Agriculture in Serbia: Development of Integrated Agrometeorological Prediction System

The Integrated Agrometeorological Prediction System (IAPS) was a two-year project for the development of the long term forecast (LRF) for agricultural producers. Using LRF in decision-making, to reduce the risks and seize the opportunities, represents short-term adaptation to climate change. High-resolution ensemble forecasts (51 forecasts) were made for a period of 7 months and were initiated on the first day of each month. For the initial testing of the capacity of LRF to provide useful information for producers, 2017 was chosen as the test year as it had a very hot summer and severe drought, which caused significant impacts on agricultural production. LRF was very useful in predicting the variables which bear the memory of the longer period, such are growing degree days for the prediction of dates of the phenophases’ occurrences and the soil moisture of deeper soil layers as an indicator for the drought. Other project activities included field observations, communication with producers, web portal development, etc. Our results showed that the selected priority forecasting products were also identified by the producers as being the highest weather-related risks, the operational forecast implementation with the products designed for the use in agricultural production is proven to be urgent and necessary for decision-making, and required investments are affordable. The total cost of the full upgrade of agrometeorological climate services to meet current needs (including monitoring, seamless forecasting system development and the development of tools for information dissemination) was found to be about three orders of magnitude lower than the assessed losses in agricultural production in the two extreme years over the past decade

Response time as organizational performance of the protection and rescue service

The paper proceeds from the fact that the performance of individuals and organizational units (organizations) affect their efficiency. Regarding the protection and rescue units, their key organizational performance is the response time, understood as the duration of time from the moment of receiving the fire warning until the firefighting and rescue team arrives at the place of engagement. The paper analyzes the impact of the response time of the firefighting and rescue unit on the duration of firefighting. For the analysis, operational data on fires for the area of the City of Belgrade (Serbia) were used, over a 24-year period (1986-2009). Data were processed using linear regression (Pearson Correlation) and its nonparametric alternative - Spearman's rank order correlation. It is concluded that the response time of the firefighting and rescue unit to arrive to the place of fire (organizational performance) affects the duration of firefighting, so that the shorter the response time, the shorter time it takes to extinguish the fire, with less damage caused and more goods rescued (organizational efficiency), and vice versa, the longer the response time - the longer the time of firefighting, with greater damage caused and less goods rescued

Bezbednost saobraćaja na postojećoj mreži duž koridora neizgrađenih autoputeva

The paper is revealing the analysis of traffic safety on the part of main road network within the period under study. Traffic accidents structure as per different features has been presented, while the trends of safety level changes have been identified. Level of safety for each road section has been defined through specific indicators. An outline of the system 'driver - vehicle - road - environment' in the function of traffic safety is also presented in the paper.U radu je data analiza bezbednosti saobraćaja na delu mreže magistralnih puteva za posmatrani period vremena. Prikazana je struktura saobraćajnih nezgoda po različitim obeležjima i utvrđene su tendencije promene nivoa bezbednosti saobraćaja. Preko specifičnih pokazatelja definisan je nivo bezbednosti saobraćaja za svaku putnu deonicu. Dat je prikaz sistema 'vozač - vozilo - put - okolina' u funkciji bezbednosti saobraćaja